Argentina Timeline of Events

1438 - 1535: The Inca Empire & Civilisation

1516: Juan Diaz de Solis became the first European to enter Argentina in search of gold. Many of the population of Argentina were killed by the diseases brought over by the Europeans

1580: Buenos Aires was established

1680: The Portuguese established a trading post across the Rio de la Plata from Buenos Aires

1776: Spain encompasses all of its territories in south-east South America to create one large colony called the Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata

1810: Overthrow of the king of Spain by Napoleon

1812: Jose de San Martin led the Argentinean fight against Spain for Independence

1816: 9 July - Argentina officially declared their independence from Spain

1853: Argentina became a republic after adopting a constitution

1859: Buenos Aires refused to become part of the country of Argentina and set up their own independent state but the plan was defeated by General Bartolome Mitre

1943: Juan Peron rises to power

1945: October 22 - Juan Peron marries Eva Marie Duarte ( Evita )

1947: Juan Peron elected President and Evita assumes the role of First Lady of Argentina

1952: July 26: Evita dies of cancer

1955: The army and navy rebel and Juan Peron flees the country

1956: The Constitution of 1853 was restored

1960: Peron marries Isabel Martinez

1973: Juan Peron elected President of Argentina

1974: Peron dies. His wife, Isabel, who had been vice president became the president

1976: March 24 - Isabel Peron was deposed by a military coup and exiled

1982: April - The Falklands War started with the United Kingdom

1982: 14 June - Argentina surrendered and General Galtieri was removed from office

Bibliography:
"History Timeline of Argentina." Http://www.datesandevents.org/. Web. 01 July 2013.

Alberto Williams (1862-1952)

Alberto Williams
(November 23, 1862 in Buenos Aires - June 17, 1952)
A composer, pianist, conductor, conservatory director, scholar, poet, and essayist, Alberto Williams attended a local music school in early childhood and gave his first performance and first public concert at age 7. He received a scholarship from the Argentine government in 1882 to study music composition at the Paris Conservatoire.

At the Paris Conservatoire he composed his first piano concertos. Shortly after, having become deeply involved in the folklore muisc of Argentina, Williams began touring. Williams wrote his own lyrics for all his compositions and authored many texts on music theory.




  Discography of Works:  

• Primera obertura de concierto Op.15. (1889)
• Segunda obertura de concierto Op.18. (1892)
• Miniaturas: first suite Op.30. (1890)
• “The Witch of the Mountains.” Second Symphony, in C minor (1910)

    Bibliography
"Volume 1 of the Piano Music of Alberto Williams." Http://www.classicstoday.com/. Classics Today. Web. 28 June 2013.
http://www.classicstoday.com/review/review-4747.

Manuel de Falla (1876-1946)

 Manuel de Falla
(November 23, 1876 Cadiz, Spain - November 14, 1946 Alta Gracia, Argentina)

Manuel de Falla began taking piano lessons from his mother at a very young age and later went to Madrid to study composition. There he was inspired by 16^th century Spanish church music, folk music, and native opera. His style was Neoclassical while still Spanish, and he won two prizes in 1905 for piano playing and for a national opera, La vida breve, first performed in Nice, France in 1913.

Manuel de Falla moved to Paris in 1907, where he published his first piano pieces and songs. He composed zarzuelas (Spanish musical comedies) which assisted in changing the fortunes of his family. He wrote and composed many stage works, orchestral music, vocal music, chamber music, and piano music. He retired to Granada in 1922 and organized a festival while composing a puppet opera. His final years were spent in the Argentine desert working on a giant cantata, Atlantida, which remained unfinished.



Discography of Works

• Album Title: Amor brujo (El) / (Senn, Simon Bolivar Symphony, Mata)
  Catalogue No: Dorian Sono Luminus DOR-90210
  Category: Ballet, Orchestral, Vocal
• Album Title: Harpsichord Concerto (Marlowe, Concert Arts Players) 1956
  Catalogue No: Naxos Classical Archives 9.81075
  Category: Concertos, Chamber Music
• Album Title: Nights in the Gardens of Spain (Archucarro, Rattle) / (Teatro Real, 2010) (Blu-ray, Full HD)
  Catalogue No: EuroArts 2058884
  Category: Classical Concert

Bibliography
"Manuel De Falla." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 28 June 2013.
http://www.britannica.com/Ebchecked/topic/200829/Manuel-de-Falla.

"Manuel De Falla." Naxos.com. Naxos, n.d. Web. 28 June 2013.
http://www.naxos.com/person/Manuel_de_Falla_26040/26040.htm.

Constantino Gaito (1878-1945)

Constantino Gaito
(August 3, 1878 - December 14, 1945)
Constantino Gaito was an Argentinian composer, conductor, and pianist. He was born into a musical family and showed signs of talent at a young age. Constantino was awarded a grant from the Argentinian government to study abroad. He studied at the Naples Conservatory, where he chose to study the piano and learned from Francesco Simonetti.



For a while Constantino traveled throughout Europe, meeting notable composers like Verdi and Massenet. Gaito returned to Argentina in 1990 and co-founded the Conservatorio Bonaerense and taught at the National Conservatory of Music. Constantino remained active as a pianist and was thought of as Argentina's foremost opera composer. His very early work reflected Italian influences, which was a logical product of his background and training. He is well known for his ballets, symphonic poems, and chamber works.



Discography   GAITO, C.: String Quartets Nos. 1 and 2 (Sarastro String Quartet)
String Quartet No. 1, Op. 23
I. Allegro
II. Andante sostenuto
III. Scherzo - Allegro in uno
IV. Finale: Andante - Allegro moderato

String Quartet No. 2, Op. 33, "Incaico"
I. Moderadamente veloz
II. Andante con serenidad expresiva
III. Con viveza

GAITO, C.: Piano Trio / Piano Quintet / Cello Sonata (Sarastro String Quartet, Herrera)
Piano Trio, Op. 25
I. Allegro moderato
II. Lento
III. Allegro energico

Cello Sonata, Op. 26
I. Allegro moderato
II. Andante sostenuto
III. Allegro moderato

Piano Quintet, Op. 24
I. Allegro moderato
II. Andante
III. Vivo - Allegro

La sangre de las guitarras: Gato Correntino (arr. for piano)

  Bibliography
"Gaito, Constantino." Grove Music Online. Oxford University Press, Jan. 2001. Web. 29 June 2013. <http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/10503>.

"GAITO, C.: String Quartets Nos. 1 and 2 (Sarastro String Quartet)." Naxos Music Library. Naxos Digital Services Ltd. Web. 29 June 2013.
<http://uboston.naxosmusiclibrary.com.ezproxy.lib.umb.edu/catalogue/item.asp?cid=TR050416>

Luis Gianneo (1897-1968)

Luis Gianneo (January 9, 1897 - August 15,1968)

Luis Gianneo was a leading Argentinian composer, pianist, conductor and educator. He was known as the founder of the Argentinian National School of Music. He was born on January 9, 1987, to an Italian family of musicians. He performed in Tucuman for more than 20 years, and was famous for being one of the only composers to remain in his country rather than travel abroad in the attempt to develop musical tradition.

Early in his life he started by forming a duo group with his brother, Miguel. Later he did bigger projects, and founded; The Argentinian Youth Orchestra for Radio El Mundo, Radio Nacional, and Philharmonic Association. In 1921, he married a pianist and singer, Josefina Ghidoni the marriage resulted in two daughters. Ghidoni later died of a sudden illness. Luis remarried in 1960 and had a son with Ines Rosa Sayans.


He began his career as a teacher at the Tucuman Instituto Musical, later becoming the director. He received some awards during his career such as; the prize of the Free Library of Philadelphia for Latin American Composers, and Municipal Prize of the City of Buenos Aires for his Transfiguration for Baritone and Orchestra. In his later years he was appointed President of the Argentinian Society of Music Education. He died in 1968.

Discography of works
• "Suite", (1933)

• "El Tarco en Flor", (1930)

• "Pampeanas"

• "Turay-Turay"

• "Obertura para una Comedia Infantil", (1937)

 • "Sonatina", (1938)

• "Cinco pequeñas piezas", (1938)

• "Concertino-Serenata", (1938)

• "Sonata para Piano No 2", (1943)

• "Concierto Aymará" para violín y orquesta, (1944)

• "Improvisación", (1948)
 
• "Variaciones sobre un tema de tango"

• "Sonata para Piano No 3", (1957)

• "Seis Bagatelas", (1957-1959)

• "Antífona", Sinfonía

• "Agnus Dei", Cantata

• "Poema de la Saeta"

• "Obertura del Sesquicentenario"

  Bibliography
"Luis Gianneo" 2013. Retrieved from http://www.naxos.com/person/Luis_Gianneo/20643.htm on June 27, 2013
"Luis Gianneo" 2013. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Gianneo on June 27, 2013
"Luis Gianneo" 2002. Retrieved from http://ostinato.tripod.com/gianneo.html on June 27, 2013

Jose Bragato (1915) - Present

Jose Bragato (October 12, 1915 - Still Alive)
Jose Bragato is a famous Argentine composer as well as cellist, pianist, conductor, and overall legendary musician. He was born in 1915 in Udine, Italy, but his family emigrated to Saavedra, Buenos Aires after World War I because of the hardships they faced in Italy. In Argentina, Bragato along with his brothers, began to really focus on his passion for music and art. Bragato started playing the piano at a very early age, and continue to hone his skills.

In 1930, Bragato began to receive free cello lessons from the German maestro and cellist, Ernst Peltz. Peltz gifted Bragato a cello, and from that point forward, Bragato began to focus on and dedicate himself to classical and popular music. He played Argentine folk music along with his father and siblings, who were also musicians as well. He also collaborated with numerous Argentine composers.


He joined various tango orchestras, and in 1954 he was chosen to be part of Astor Piazzolla's tango octect called Octeco Bueno Aires, as a solo cellist playing the form of tango called Nuevo Tango, which was a major accomplishment since prior to that, the only solo instrument in tango was the violin. Bragato helped Piazzolla bring the tango audience to international levels.

Bragato is best known in Argentina and into the history of tango for his inclusion of the cello in typical orchestras, and most importantly for essentially saving the classical national music and spreading Argentine folk songs. In 1999 he was awarded the SADAIC's Francisco Canaro prize for his career and also that same year, the city of Buenos Aires acknowledged his talents and interest in spreading the musical national culture internationally by awarding him with "Merito a la Trayectoria" prize.



Discography
• A Mauricio (Guarania y Galopa Paraguaya)
• A un Amigo
• Amo Ka Aru lado
• Ave Maria Andina
• Campanas de la Encarnacion
• Chacarera
• Cuatro Fragmentos Liricos
• Cuatro Bocetos Sobre Ritmos
• Dos Canciones Argentinas
• Dos Canciones sobre Ritmos Paraguayos
• El Instante Anhelado
• El Vals de Laura Andrea
• Elsita 
• Fantasía Folklórica
• Farra Jhape Sapucai
• Flauta Retozona
• Graciela y Buenos Aires
• Impresionista
• In Memoriam
• Leitmotiv
• Lis Ciancons Che Ciantave Me Mari
• Luz Del Corazón
• Malambo
• Marcha Funebre Para Mis Padres
• Melodía Para Mis Padres
• Mi Paraguay
• Milontan
• Minibi Retia E
• Nieblas
• Noposepe
• Para Adriana
• Para Candy
• Para Gina
• Paraguay - Yasî Retá
• Saudade
• Sé Que Te Perdí
• Solo Una Vez
• Suite For Strings
• Techagaú
• Tres Canciones Paraguayas
• Tres Movimientos Porteños
• Triste y Zamba
• Tu Silencio
• Vanguardista
• Villancico
  Bibliography
"José Bragrato." José Bragrato. Editorial Board. Web. 28 June 2013.
http://www.todotango.com/english/creadores/jbragato.html

"José Bragato." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 17 June 2013. Web. 29 June 2013.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/José_Bragato. (for discography)

"José Bragato Y Flia." José Bragato Y Flia. N.p., 19 June 2011. Web. 29 June 2013.
http://www.josebragatoyfamilia.blogspot.com/.

Alberto Evaristo Ginastera (1916-1983)

 Alberto Evaristo Ginastera
(1916 Buenos Aires, Argentina - June 25, 1983 Geneva, Switzerland)

Marked as a avant garde due to his techniques making use of microtones, serial procedures, and aleatory, Alberto Ginastera began studying at the Conservatorio Williams at the young age of 12. Known to combine folk Argentine rhythms with modern composing techniques, Ginastera won many significant awards in his life including four national prizes, three municipal prizes, Bicentennial Cinzano Award, National Fund for the Arts Annual Award and etc. Ginastera’s Piano Concerto and Cantata para America magica won great acclaim at the 1961 Interamerican Music Festival. His first Opera Don Rodrigo in 1964 was unsuccessful in its introduction in Buenos Aires, but was praised in New York City in 1966.


Ginastera’s masterpiece is the chamber opera Bomarzo (1967)establishing him as one of the leading opera composers of the 20^th century. He received a grant from the Guggenheim Fiundation in 1942 to visit the United States and proceeded to influence his future works in 1945. He was involved in numerous academic activities including being a Member of the Conseil International de la Musique (UNESCO), Member of the National Academy of Fine Arts in Argentina, Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences plus more while also being a Dean and a Professor.





Discography of Works

• Don Rodrigo, Op. 31 (1963-64)
• Bomarzo, Op. 34 (1966-67)
• Album Title: GINASTERA, A.: Complete Piano and Organ Music
  Catalogue No: Naxos 8.557911-12
  Category: Instrumental 
• Album Title: GINASTERA, A.: Cello and Piano Music (Complete) (Kosower)
  Catalogue No: Naxos 8.570569
  Category: Chamber Music, Instrumental 
• Album Title: GINASTEARA, A.: Cello Concertos Nos. 1 and 2 (Kosower, Bamberg Symphony, Zagrosek)
  Catalogue No: Naxos 8.572372
  Category: Concertos
• Album Title: GINASTERA, A.: Glosses sobre temes de Pau Casals / Variaciones concertantes (London Symphony, Israel Chamber Orchestra, Ben-Dor)
  Catalogue No: Naxos 8.572249
  Category: Orchestral, Instrumental

Bibliography:

http://www.britannica.com/Ebchecked/topic/233882/Alberto-Ginastera
http://www.naxos.com/person/Alberto_Ginastera/26054.htm
http://ostinato.tripod.com/ginas.html